After administration, drug molecules usually enter target cells to access their intracellular targets. In eukaryotic cells, these targets are often located in organelles, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, and peroxisomes. Each organelle type possesses unique biological features. For example, mitochondria possess a negative transmembrane potential, while lysosomes have an intraluminal delta pH. Other properties are common to several organelle types, such as the presence of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or solute carrier-type (SLC) transporters that sequester or pump out xenobiotic drugs. Studies on subcellular drug distribution are critical to understand the efficacy and toxicity of drugs along with the body's resistance to them and to potentially offer hints for targeted subcellular drug delivery. This review summarizes the results of studies from 1990 to 2017 that examined the subcellular distribution of small molecular drugs. We hope this review will aid in the understanding of drug distribution within cells.
[1]Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Dept Pharmacol, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
[2]Shanghai Univ Tradit Chinese Med, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Modern Preparat Technol TCM, Cai Lun Rd 1200, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China.
[3]Sch Pharm, Dept Chinese Materia Med, Shanghai, Peoples R China.
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