This study aims to explore the acting mechanism of the Jianpi Qinghua Recipe (JPQ) in skeletal muscle of rats. A high fat diet combined with streptozotocin (STZ) was adopted to establish a type 2 diabetic rat model system. The rats were randomly divided into a normal control group (CON), a model group (IR group), a Jianpi Qinghua Receipt group (JPQ group) and a pioglitazone treatment group (PIO group), and were administered drugs intragastrically for 8 consecutive weeks. Compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of P38MAPK and MKK6 in the JPQ group were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while those of MKK3 were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression of Glut-4 protein was higher in the JPQ group than in the model group (P < 0.05). Blood glucose was lower in the JPQ group than in the IR group (P < 0.01) The glucose infusion rate of diabetic rats after JPQ treatment was significantly higher than in the model group (P < 0.01), and was not significantly different to that of the PIO (Western medicine) group (P > 0.05). JPQ enhances the insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle. The mechanism may involve downregulation of the p38MAPK signal pathway in skeletal muscleand increased expression of GLUT4.