Purpose: To investigate the predictive value of serum fibronectin (FN) and urine alpha 1-microglobulin (alpha 1-MG) in the diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis (CG). Methods: A total of 119 CG patients in our hospital were selected for our study cohort 80 healthy people receiving a physical examination in our hospital during the same period were selected for the control group. ELISA and immunoturbidimetric assays were used to detect the serum FN and alpha 1-MG levels. The clinical efficacy of each patient was recorded. Results: When the cut-off value was 0.541, the sensitivity of the CG diagnosis detected by FN combined with alpha 1-MG was 92.16%, and the specificity was 88.00%. After treatment, the FN of the study group was higher than it was before the treatment (P<0.001), and the urine alpha 1-MG of the study group was lower than it was before treatment (P<0.001). After examining an ROC analysis curve, when the cut-off value was 0.701, the sensitivity of predictingthe efficacy determined by FN and alpha 1-MG was 88.00%, and the specificity was 88.00%. Conclusion: Due to the significant difference between CG patients and healthy people in terms of their serum and urine levels of FN and alpha 1-MG, the combined diagnosis of FN and alpha 1-MG is very valuable in diagnosing CG and predicting the treatment efficacy of CG.